后过渡金属催化醇对胺的N-烷基化反应研究进展

Progress in Late Transition Metal-Catalyzed N-Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols

胺的N-烷基化反应是一类重要的有机合成反应,其合成产物烷基化胺更是涉及到包括化工、医疗、医药以及国防等重要领域.近年来随着化学技术,尤其是绿色催化合成技术的发展,使得该类反应已成为当前有机反应的研究热点之一.以醇作为胺的N-烷基化试剂,水是唯一的副产物,因此具有绿色环保、简单可靠的特点.但是绝大多数该类反应都需要过渡金属催化剂.从脂肪胺、芳香胺、杂环芳香胺等含氮化合物出发,综述了近年来金属催化的以醇为烷基化试剂的胺的N-烷基化反应的研究进展,主要介绍了各均相、多相金属催化反应体系,通过比较指出了每一方法的优缺点,并对今后氮烷基化反应的发展方向进行了展望.

N-Alkylation of amines is a class of important organic reaction. The products of this reaction are related to the important technological fields including chemical, medical, pharmaceutical and defense. In recent years, the development and need of green catalytic synthesis technology make such C--N bond formation reaction via N-alkylation become one of the current research focuses of organic chemistry. Because water is the only by-product, the N-alkylation of amines with alcohols as alkylating agents is green, environmental, simple and reliable. However, the most of such reactions require a late transition metal catalyst. In this paper the progress in late transition metal-catalyzed N-alkylation reaction with alcohols as alkylating agents starting from various aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic aromatic amines in recent years is reviewed. Various homo- geneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems as well as the substrate application scope of each method involved in this reac- tion are mainly introduced. The expectation and development direction about this N-alkylation in future are suggested.