初始运行条件对空间飞行器飞行影响研究

Research on the Spacecraft under Different Initial Operation Conditions

某试验型微小空间飞行器用于检测空间探测技术,通过对该飞行器运动轨迹及姿态变化的研究,对比分析空间探测技术的实时响应和检测精度。针对发射过程中,扰动会改变空间飞行器自由飞行过程的初始运行条件的问题,建立计及环境因素的空间飞行器轨道动力学和基于欧拉方程的姿态动力学模型,并对飞行器在不同初始运行条件下的运动过程进行数值研究。结果表明:改变初始条件,飞行器运动过程将产生不同程度的变化;入轨初速度越大,飞行器轨道离心率和周期越大;非零发射角将引起轨道偏移和旋转,俯仰发射角主要引起俯仰角变化,偏航发射角主要影响滚转角和偏航角,并且角度越大,幅度越大;自转角速度越大,姿态角变化越小。

The testing micro spacecraft detects the space exploration technology. By studying the trajectory and attitude change, the real-time response and accuracy is compared and analyzed. As the disturbance of launching process will change initial operation conditions, the orbital dynamic model considering the environmental tors, and attitude dynamic model based on Euler equation are developed, and a numerical calculation about operation process is carried out under different initial operation conditions. The results indicate that the motion situa tion of spacecraft will change when initial operation condition changes; orbital eccentricity and period will in crease with the increase of initial orbit entry velocity; nonzero launching angle will cause orbit displacement and rotation; pitch launching angle mainly cause the variation of pitch angle; yaw launching angle mainly effects roll angle and yaw angle, and the greater the angle, the greater the range; the attitude angle decreases when the spin angular velocity increases.