“死活+VP”格式考察——兼及反义语素合成副词的主观化问题

The Study of Construction “Sihuo(死活) +VP”And the Subjectivization of Antonymous Compound Adverbs

反义语素合成词"死活"经过词汇化和语法化演变成为现代汉语中具有意愿态的语气副词,多见于口语,常与谓语动词搭配使用。"死活+VP"格式多为否定形式,核心谓语多见能愿动词与使令动词,常出现在转折语境中,也可以与副词"也/都"搭配使用。意愿态以及"死活"的无条件义赋予格式"无条件对抗义","死活"在语用功能方面也具有主观性和反预期的表达效果。现代汉语中其他反义语素合成副词也与"死活"有相似的话语功能和主观化轨迹。

Antonymous compound Sihuo has evolved through the lexicalization and grammaticalization. Spo- ken Chinese modal adverb has intention state and often collaborates with verbs. There are three syntactic features of construction ＂Sihuo（死活） ＋VP＂. First, the frequency of negative form is high. Second, the core predicate is usually modal verbs and causative verbs. What＇s more the construction often appears in transitional context, and it can also combine with the adverb ＂Ye / Dou （也/都） ＂. Intend state and nega- tive form providing the construction with the meaning ＂unconditional counteraction＂. In terms of pragmatic functions, Sihuo has subjective and counter-anticipation tendency. Other antonymous compound adverbs in modem Chinese also have similar evolution of discourse functions and subjectivization.