儿童眼外伤临床特点及预后

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of pediatric ocular trauma

目的分析儿童眼外伤临床特点及致伤原因。方法回顾分析住院治疗的35例（39只眼）儿童眼外伤临床资料，包括性别、眼别、致伤原因、受伤部位及范围、最初视力、手术治疗情况、术后视力、并发症以及治疗结果。结果在所有眼外伤患儿中，男26例（74．3％），女9例（25．7％）。年龄5—18岁。眼外伤分类：闭合性眼外伤3只眼（7．7％），开放性眼外伤35只眼（89．7％），热烧伤1只眼（2．6％）。致伤原因包括锐器伤10只眼（25．6％），烟花爆竹伤8只眼（20．5％），车祸伤6只眼（15．4％），钝器伤6只眼（15．4％），棍棒击伤3只眼（7．7％），狗咬伤1只眼（2．6％），挤压伤1只眼（2．6％），跌倒伤1只眼（2．6％），原因不详3只眼（7．7％）。治疗后视力提高28只眼（71．8％），不变9只眼（23．1％），下降2只眼（5．1％）。随访6～48个月。结论儿童眼外伤多发生在男性，以穿孔伤为主。锐器伤是开放性眼外伤最常见原因。

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics and causes of pediatric ocular trauma. Methods A retrospective study. Data of 39 eyes of 35 children with ocular trauma was collected. The gender, involved eye, causes, site and extent of injury, initial visual acuity, surgical management, postoperative complications and treatment results were observed. Results Of all the pediatric patients, 26 cases were boys, and 9 cases were girls. The age was 5-18 years. Classification of ocular trauma： thermal burn injuries in 1 eye （ 2.6% ）, open globe injuries in 35 eyes （89.7%）, and closed globe injuries in 3 eyes （7. 7% ）. The most common cause of injuries was sharp toll （25. 6% ）, followed by fireworks （20.5%）, traffic accidents （ 15.4% ）, blunt objects （ 15.4% ）, stick （7.7%）, crush （2.6%）, dog bites （2.6%）, fall on the ground （2.6%） and causes unknown （7.7%）. The visual acuity improved in 28 eyes （71.8%）, remained unchanged in 9 eyes （23.1%）, and decreased in 2 eyes （5.1%） after treatment. The follow-up time was 6-48 months. Conclusion Pediatric ocular trauma is prone to boys, and gives priority to perforating injuries. Sharp object injury is the most common cause for open-globe injury.