风力机塔架减载控制研究

Tower Loads Mitigation Control for Wind Turbines

采用FAST/Aerodyn和Matlab/Simulink搭建风力机气弹与控制联合仿真平台,以NREL-5MW风力机作为参考机型,实现了风力机转矩控制模型和变桨距控制模型。通过在变桨距控制器中引入塔架减载控制环,考虑了匀速风,渐变风,湍流风等风况,研究变桨距-塔架控制环对塔架动态载荷及结构动态响应的影响作用。研究结果表明变桨距-塔架减载控制环可以有效减小风力机塔架的动态载荷及变形,对风力机输出功率的影响较小;变桨距-塔架控制环增益系数G的取值过小则减载效果不明显,取值过大会引起系统震荡持续时间过长,NREL-5MW风力机的增益系数G最优值为0.2;风力机塔架减载控制技术可以有效降低风力机的运行维护成本,有良好的工程应用前景。

An aero-elastic-servo dynamic simulation platform for wind turbines was built by integrated with with Matlab/ Simulink and FAST/Aerodyn codes. The NREL-SMW wind turbine was using as the reference model, the torque control model and the pitch control model were realized in this simulation platform. A tower damping control loop was added to the NREL-SMW wind turbine pitch controller. Considering to the uniform wind, variable wind and turbulence wind conditions, the effect on the tower dynamic loads and structural dynamic responses act by the tower damping control loop were simulated. The results show that the tower damping control loop could reduce the dynamic load and deformation effectively, and effect of wind turbine power production was slightly. The damping control loop gain coefficient value too small would reduce the control effect, too large would cause system ascillation for a long time, The optimal value of the gain coeffwient of NREL-SMW was 0.2. The tower damping control technology could reduce the wind turbine operation and maintenance cost effectively , would have a good prospect for engineering applications.