自然杀伤细胞与人类免疫缺陷病毒的相互作用及影响

The interaction between natural killer cells and human immunodeficiency virus

自然杀伤细胞是固有免疫体系中具有抗病毒效应的重要成分,可发挥免疫清除和调节作用。其表面具有的一系列活化性受体和抑制性受体,共同决定着NK细胞的免疫功能。在HIV感染中,NK细胞能够通过细胞毒作用裂解靶细胞和免疫调节作用抑制HIV复制。但随着感染时间的延长,HIV患者之NK细胞亚群分布出现变化,低能/失能NK细胞频数增多,进而弱化了NK细胞对HIV的控制作用。予以抗病毒治疗后,感染者体内的NK细胞功能通常会有所恢复。

Natural killer cell is an important component of the innate immune system, and can play a vital role in immune clearance and immune regulation. There are a series of activating receptors and inhibitory receptors on its surface and both of them can determine the immune function and the effect of NK cells. In HIV infection, NK cells can cleave the target cells of HIV infection by cytotoxic effect and inhibit HIV replication by immune regulation. However, the distribution of NK cell subsets in patients with HIV is changed and the number of defective NK cells is increased with the extension of the infection time, which can weaken the control effect of NK cells on HIV. The function of NK cells in the infected patients can usually be partly restored after antiviral treatment.