真正第三人利益合同关系对相对性的有限突破及类型化

On the Limited Breakthough and Typology of the Real Contractual Relationship for the Benefit of Third Party

讨论真正第三人利益合同与相对性的冲突与协调,在分析两种基础法律关系的基础上归纳出真正第三人利益合同的类型。基于立法论立场而展开讨论。相对性原则是真正第三人利益合同在立法上确立的最大理论障碍。笔者认为真正第三人利益合同并非是对相对性的彻底突破,而是有限突破。其对外效力与物权对外效力的区别非常明显,未及于权利人以外的所有人,限于约定的纯获利益的特定第三人。另外,由于"补偿关系"和"对价关系"概念本身存在的局限性,应将以上两概念分别修正为"合同关系"和"原因关系"。真正第三人利益合同关系的类型取决于两种基础关系的类型,而不应仅仅取决于合同关系类型。其所形成的三方法律关系并非纯粹的合同关系,更非两个合同关系的简单相加,但仍属于债的关系范畴。

This paper first discusses the conflict and coordination of the real third party＇s interest contract and relativity, and then summarizes the types of the real third party＇s interest contract on the basis of analyzing the two basic legal rela- tions. The discussion in this paper is based on the standpoint of legislation. The principle of relativity is the biggest theo- retical obstacle established in the legislation of the real third party. It is believed that the real interests of the third party contract is not a relatively complete breakthrough, but a limited breakthrough. Its external effect and the external effect of the real right are very obvious, not in the right person other than the limited profit of the specific third party. In addi- tion, due to the ＂compensation relationship＂ and ＂price relationship＂ concept, the limitations of the above two concepts should he amended as ＂contractual relationship＂ and ＂cause relationship＇. The type of true third party relationship de- pends on the type of the two underlying relationships, not just the type of contractual relationship. The third party legal relationship is not a purely contractual relationship, but a simple addition to the two contractual relationships, still be- longing to the debt related category.