美国涉外情报监控活动监督机制评析

Comments on American Oversight Mechanism of Foreign-related Intelligence Supervision

美国涉外情报监控活动监督机制由行政监督、国会监督、法院监督和情报机构内部监督四个部分组成,对于引导、制约情报机构的活动起到了很好的作用,但"棱镜门"事件也暴露出了其中的诸多问题。分析美国现行涉外情报监控活动监督机制的优势与缺陷,对美国涉外情报监控活动监督机制进行了深入思考:法律规制是情报监督的基础;强化法院审批是保障公民权利的最为有力防线;国家利益既是情报监督的驱动力,也是一道不可逾越的障碍。

The American oversight mechanism of foreign - related intelligence supervision consists of four parts ： the administrative oversight, the congress oversight, the court oversight, and the internal oversight. These oversight or- ganizations play an important role in guiding and restricting intelligence supervision. However, some problems are exposed in Snowden Event. After analyzing the oversight mechanism＇ s superiorities and deficiencies, this paper con- cludes that legal regulations are the bedrock of oversight mechanism, that intensifying judicial authority＇ s approval can best protect the rights of citizens, that national interest is not only the driving force of intelligence supervision, but also an insurmountable barrier.