种植虎杖对吉富罗非鱼养殖水质和底质的影响

Effects of Cultivation with Polygonum cuspidatum on Water and Sediment Quality in Oreochromis niloticus

[目的]研究浮床栽培虎杖对吉富罗非鱼养殖池塘的水质、底质的净化作用。[方法]2016年5—10月测定了水体TOC、COD、Chl、TN、NH_4^+-N、NO_2^--N、NO_3^--N、TP、PO_4^(3-)-P和底泥TOC、TN、TP,研究种植虎杖对吉富罗非鱼养殖水质和底质的影响。[结果]2016年5月,虎杖塘浮床区和敞水区TOC、COD、Chl、TP显著下降;6月浮床区和敞水区TOC、COD、Chl、TP显著下降,浮床区NH_4^+-N、PO_4^(3-)-P显著下降;7月,浮床区和敞水区COD显著下降,且浮床区TOC、Chl显著下降;8月,浮床区和敞水区COD、TN显著下降,浮床区TOC和敞水区NH+4-N显著下降;9月,浮床区和敞水区TOC、COD、Chl、TN显著下降;10月,浮床区和敞水区COD、Chl、TN显著下降,浮床区TOC和敞水区NH_4^+-N显著下降。6—8月虎杖种植塘底泥TOC显著增加,6月底泥TN显著增加,7—10月底泥TN显著降低,6、8—10月底泥TP显著降低。[结论]虎杖种植能降低水体中TOC、COD和Chl,降低底泥TP和TN,种植前、后期能分别降低水体中TP和TN,且能显著提高其总产量和成活率,降低其饵料系数和相应的生物学指标。

[ Objective ] To study the purification effect of cultivation with Polygonum cuspidatum on floating bed on water and sediment con- taminants of aquaculture ponds of Oreochromis niloticus. [ Method] The total organic carbon（TOC） , chemical oxygen demand （COD） , chlorophyll （Chl） , total nitrogen （TN）, ammonium nitrogen （NH4 -N）, nitrite nitrogen （NO2 -N）, nitrate nitrogen （NO3- -N）, total phosphorus （TP） and pO4^3- -P of water quality, and TOC, TN, TP of sediment were determined from May to October of 2016, the effects of cultivation with P. cuspidatum on the water quality and sediment contaminants of aquaculture ponds of O. niloticus were studied. [ Result] TOC, COD, Chl, TP both in the open water area and floating bed area significantly decreased in the ponds of P. cuspidatum in May of 2016. In June of 2016, TOC, COD, Chl and TP significantly decreased in floating bed area and open water area, and NH4 -N, PO43 -P significantly decreased in the floating bed area. In July, COD decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water area, and TOC, Chl decreased significantly in the floating bed area. In August, COD, TN decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water area, TOC in the floating bed area and NH4＋ -N in the open water area significantly decreased. In September, TOC, COD, Chl, TN decreased significantly in the floating bed area and open water area. In October, COD, Chl, TN decreased significantly both in the floating bed area and open water area, TOC in the floating bed area and NH4 -N in the open water area decreased significantly. From June to August of 2016, TOC in the sedi- ment increased significantly, TN in the sediment increased significantly in June. From July to October, TN in the sediment decreased significantly. TP in the sediment decreased significantly in the duration from June to October （except for July）. [ Conclusion ] TOC, COD, Chl in the water and TN, TP in the sediment can be reduced by cultivation with P. euspidatum. TP and TN in the water can be reduced in the early and late stages of planting, and total yield, survival rate were significantly increased, and feed coefficient rate, the corresponding biological indices were reduced.