东亚森林种群遗传结构及迁移扩散模式

Genetic Structure and Expansion and Colonization Pattern of Natural Populations of Tree Species in East Asia

东亚是温带植物种丰度的热点地区,它与北美东部具有相似的气候和植物组成,但是物种丰度是北美东部的2倍。第四纪冰期和间冰期反复的气候变动形成了当今北半球温带物种的分布格局与遗传结构,反复的气候波动导致海平面的反复升降,为东亚地区物种扩张提供了路线,导致种群不断的分开和连接,从而促进了进化的发生和异域物种的形成。介绍了森林树种的群体遗传学研究及分子系统地理学研究情况,阐述了东亚地区森林树种迁移扩散研究概况,包括物种迁移扩散模式及森林树种天然种群在东亚的迁移扩散情况,最后展望了该研究领域的发展趋势。

East Asia is considered a hotspot of temperate plant species richness as it has similar climatic and floristic features to eastern North America but twice as many species. Climatic fluctuation during the repeated glacial - interglacial cycles of the Quaternary shaped the current pattern of genetic diversity and the genetic structure of species. Fluctuations of climate and eustatie sea level in eastern Asia during the Quaternary provided routes for species expansion in some periods but separated expanded populations in other periods. These repeated fluctuations and alter- nating connection and separation of regions promoted evolution and allopatric speciation. In this paper, study situation of the population genetics of forest tree species and molecular phylogeographic was introduced, the migration and diffusion of forest tree species in East Asia are described, including species migration, diffusion patterns and migration and diffusion of natural forest species in East Asia. Finally, the future trends of the research field were prospected.