乡间与庙堂之争——从歌剧《白毛女》的文本生产看解放区文艺的一种创作路径

On Trend of Literary Creation in the Liberated Area:From Perspective of the Text Production of Opera ‘White-haired Girl'

歌剧《白毛女》的文本生产经历了民间奇闻传说—现代革命故事—个人化的小说改写—集体创作的歌剧四个阶段。在文本生产的过程中,原先处于自在自为状态的民间口头叙述是丰富的、多样的、杂草丛生的,在进入到大规模的、有组织的国家文学生产之前,民间文学形态已经经历了一个民众/个人"去除杂草"的过程。正源于这种剔除,民间文化形态才会与官方意志达成默契、交融,进而进入延安文艺"把关人"的视野中,最终将其确立为重点建设的文艺项目进行集体创作,成为了解放区文艺的一种创作方式。

The text production of Opera ＇White-haired Girl＇ experienced four stages： folk anecdotes, modern revolution story, personalized novel adapting and opera of collective creation. As a matter of fact, before entering into the phase of large-scaled national literature production, rich and various folk oral narrations had been dispelled by the masses or individuals in the process of text production. Therefore, folk literary form and official concepts mingled with each other. And the former came into focus of Zhou Yang. As the gatekeeper of Yanan literature, Zhou established folk literary form as the key construction project to create collectively.