清代四川巴县匪患的类型、分布及应对

The Forms,Distributions of and Solutions to Banditry of Ba County of Sichuan Province in Qing Dynasty

数量庞大的流民群体,使四川成为清代匪患最为严重的区域之一。巴县因其特殊的区位,匪患又居全川之最。在巴县的各类匪患中,野外拦抢是主要形式。在年份分布上,巴县匪患呈现总体上升的态势,并随历史形势有所波动;在月份分布上,集中于农历十二月与二、三月份;在空间分布上,除了交通线周围与边远地区外,城池内外坊厢亦出现密集分布。清廷对于巴县匪患的治理方式,更多是从治安管理的表层出发,而没有从安置流民的根本做起。所以尽管付出诸多努力,但匪患依然不断加剧,并有向政治中心蔓延的趋势。

The large number of refugees made Sichuan one of the most severely banditry harassed regions in China during the Qing Dynasty, with Ba County being victimized most in Sichuan Province due to its special geographical location. Robbery in the wild was the main form of banditry in the county of Ba. Chronically, banditry distribution in Ba County presented an increasing trend and fluctuated with different historical situations, cropping up most likely in the second, third and twelfth lunar months. In terms of spatial distribution, the banditry was found not only along the traffic lines and in remote areas, but also in intensive concentration both inside and outside cities and towns. The governmental control of banditry was motivated more from the public security matter rather than a refugee resettlement matter. Thus, the banditry there kept growing and became increasingly fierce and even had a trend of spreading to the political centers although various kinds of efforts had been tried.