维吾尔语罗布泊方言中音变现象的音系学分析

Analysis on the Phonological Processes in the Lopnor Dialect of Uyghur

文章以2007、2009、2010、2016年在罗布泊地区进行的田野调查中收集的长篇语料为依据,以现代音系学理论为指导,对罗布泊方言中的音变现象进行描写与分析。研究表明,罗布泊方言中多音节词的第二个音节中元音的脱落在大多数突厥语族语言中常见。软腭音/k/的浊化,小舌音/q/的擦化,边音/l/的脱落,音节末尾/j/的脱落等现象在标准维吾尔语中都能找到。词末尾/ε/的鼻化,/v/在词首和词中间位置的强化等现象是吐鲁番土语和罗布泊方言中共有的。和田方言典型特点之一的/r/在音节首位的腭化仅存在于若羌县和米兰农场。标准维吾尔语,和田方言,喀什土语和伊犁土语中的主要同化方式是逆同化,罗布泊方言中却是顺同化。古突厥语的前辅音/k/和/g/大多伴随前元音出现,后辅音/q/和/ /大多与后元音同现。古突厥语的这种结合特征系统地保留在罗布泊方言中。标准维吾尔语和其他维吾尔方言中存在的前一个开音节的/a/由于后面的音节中的/u/的逆同化被唇化为/o/,前一个开音节的/a/由于后面的音节中的/i/的影响被升高到/e/,词首位置的/t/被腭化为/t?/等语言现象罗布泊方言中没有。

Based on the texts collected in the several fieldtrips, this paper describes the phonological processes in the Lopnor dialect of Uyghur. This study reveals that compared to the other dialects of Uyghur, the phonological processes in the Lopnor dialect is more colorful and complicated. Some processes in the Lopnor dialect is common to the most of the Turkic languages, some of them are also existed in the Standard Uyghur. The Lopnor dialect shares some common phonological processes with other Uyghur dialects, but not with the Standard Uyghur. There are also some unique phonological processes existed in the Lopnor dialect. Apart from the mentioned, the Lopnor dialect has kept more archaic features of Turkic languages better than any other Uyghur dialects