中国-哈萨克斯坦边境虎鼬体表寄生物及鼠疫染疫调查研究

Surveillance on ectoparasites and Yersinia pestis from Vormela peregusna near China-Kazakhstan border

目的了解中国-哈萨克斯坦(中哈)边境地区虎鼬体表寄生物的种群构成及鼠疫染疫情况。方法 2007-2016年在中哈边境口岸城区、郊区、野外及中哈边境两翼的荒漠戈壁区捕获虎鼬,采集体表寄生物进行形态学鉴定分类,并进行鼠疫血清学检测。结果共捕获虎鼬14只,采集蜱2科4属4种615只,有短垫血蜱、雷氏硬蜱、血红扇头蜱和特突钝缘蜱,其中短垫血蜱为优势蜱种,特突钝缘蜱为首次采集;采集蚤2科4属4种284匹,有臀突客蚤、长吻角头蚤、秃病蚤指名亚种和人蚤,人蚤为该口岸新纪录种。虎鼬鼠疫血清学检测结果均为阴性。结论虎鼬体表寄生物种类较多,多样性丰富,具有鼠疫流行病学意义,应进一步监测染疫情况。

Objective To survey of ectoparasite and Yersinia pestis from Vormela peregusna in the China-Kazakhstan border. Methods The ectoparasites from V. peregusna were collected and identified by morphology. Also Y. pestis were tested in the V. peregusna samples during the 2007-2016 in the China-Kazakhstan border. Results A total 615 ticks （ Haemaphysalis erinacei turanica, Ixodes redikorzevi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ornithodors tartakovskyi ） and 284 fleas （Xenopsylla minax, Echidnophaga oschanini, Nopsyllus laeviceps laeviceps and Pulex irritans） were collected from 14 V. peregusna, which belonged to 4 species, 4 genera, 2 families for both ectoparasites. In this study, H. erinacei turanica was predominant species in ticks and O. tartakovskyi was first collected. A new flea species P. irritans also was collected from the V. peregusna. Meanwhile, there was no positive for Y. pestis in 14 V. peregusna samples. Conclusion Diversity and large numbers of ectoparasites were found in V. peregusna. There is significant concern over plague epidemiology, and the infection situation need to be further monitored.