不同高度下两侧单腿下落过程中的下肢对称性研究

Symmetry of Lower Extremity during Bilateral Single-leg Landing from Different Landing Heights

目的:研究高度和侧别对单腿下落过程中生物力学特征的影响。方法:采用踢球法选取20名右足为优势侧的男性正常人为受试者,运用Vicon红外高速运动捕捉系统和Kistler三维测力台对这些受试者分别进行优势侧与非优势侧的不同高度(20cm、40cm和60cm)的单腿下落实验测试,采集落地过程中触地侧下肢的地面反作用力峰值及运动学数据,用3×2混合多元方差分析检测高度和侧别对单腿下落过程的影响,检验水准选α=0.05。结果:各方向GRF峰值、膝屈踝伸峰值角度及缓冲时间在不同下落高度间的差异有统计学意义;而在侧别间的差异整体无统计学意义,单变量检验中向外方向GRF峰值除外。结论:(1)在单腿下落过程中,随着下落高度的增加,落地后各方向GRF峰值、踝内翻峰值角度和膝屈踝伸峰值角度则逐渐增大,并且下肢的缓冲时间也在逐渐延长。(2)在一定下落高度范围内,除优势侧单腿落地后向外方向GRF峰值显著大于非优势侧,两侧单腿下落间的生物力学特征差异不大,整体表现出一定的对称性。

Objective：To research the effect of height and laterality on biomechanical characteristics of single-leg landing. Methods：Twenty male healthy adults volunteered to participate in the experiment, all subjects had right dominant legs, this was determined individually by asking which leg they would use to kick a ball as far as possible. The dominant-side and non-dominant-side single-leg land- ing of different heights were tested by Vicon infrared high- speed motion Capture system and Kistler three-dimension- al force platform whilst ground reaction force and kinemat- ics of the ankle and mixed model ANOVA knee joints were were conducted to recorded. 3 x 2 test the effect of vertical height and the laterality on all dependent varia- bles, the significance level a was set at 0. 05. Results ： Our findings also revealed a significant effect of vei＇tical height on the peak GRF, the peak angle of the ankle and knee joints and the time to peak angle knee flexion;while there was no significant effect of the laterality on the whole, ex- cept the peak lateral ground reaction force in the univari- ate inspection. Conclusion ： （ 1 ） In the single-leg landing, the peak of ground reaction force, the peak angle of the ankle inversion, knee flexion and ankle extension, the landing buttering time were increasing with the increasing vertical height. （2）Within a certain landing height range, there was no significant difference of the biomechanical characteristics between both sides during the single-leg landing, the overall performance was a certain symmetry, but the dominant side has greater in the peak lateral ground reaction force than the non-dominant side.