2015年衡水地区儿童急性呼吸道感染的病原学研究

Pathogenic research of children with acute respiratory tract infection in Hengshui area in 2015

目的通过对本院儿科急性呼吸道感染(ARI)患儿病原体的检测,了解本地区的儿童ARI发病情况,以及病原体的流行情况。方法收集2015年1月-12月来本院住院的急性呼吸道感染患儿637例,空腹采集静脉血,分离血清后采用间接免疫荧光法检测患儿血清中病毒和非典型病原体抗体,同时留取痰液,进行细菌培养。结果 637例患儿中病原体检测阳性者478例。冬春季病毒和肺炎支原体检出率明显高于夏秋季;<1岁患儿病毒和支原体检出率明显高于1岁~3岁和4岁~12岁患儿;女性患儿病毒阳性率高于男性患儿,男性患儿肺炎支原体阳性率高于女性患儿;细菌感染阳性率农村患儿高于城市患儿,上述差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论掌握本地区儿童呼吸道感染发病的流行趋势,以便制定相应的预防措施,对疾病的诊断和治疗有重要意义。

Objective Based on pediatric pathogen detection of children with acute respiratory tract infection in our hospital, to understand ARI infection situation in children and the prevalence of pathogens in this region. Methods 637 cases of children with acute respiratory infection were collected from January to December, 2015 in our hospital, venous blood was collected on an empty stomach. After the separation of serum, the IgM antibody of viruses and atypical pathogens in the serum were detected by indirect immune fluorescence tests. At the same time sputum specimens were taken for bacterial culture. Results 478 cases of pathogen were positive in 637 cases. The detection rates of virus and mycoplasma were higher in the winter and spring than that in summer and fall. The virus and mycoplasma detection rate in 〈 1 year old children was significantly higher than that in the age of 1 -3, and 4 -12 years old children. The detection rate of female children with virus was higher than that in male chil- dren, while the positive rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae was lower than that of male children. Bacterial infection positive rate in rural children was higher than that in urban children, with all differences statistically significant （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion To master the popular trend of children＇s respiratory tract infection in this region is helpful to formulate the corresponding prevention measures, which has important significance in diagnosis and treatment of diseases.