老年高血压患者家庭血压监测情况调查研究

Home blood pressure monitoring in elderly hypertensive patients

目的调查广州市65岁以上离退休老年高血压患者家庭血压监测的相关知识及行为情况。方法选取2016年3~5月在我院参加离退休干部体检和社区健康体检的高血压患者765例,其中家庭测血压354例(测量组),家庭未测血压411例(未测组)。进行横断面调查,包括基线资料(性别、年龄、生命体征、既往疾病史、检验结果等)和家庭血压测量频率、测量时间、血压达标情况等。结果765例高血压患者中,每天测血压224例(29.3%),每天多次测血压32例(4.2%),无固定时间测血压98例(12.8%)。晨起测血压205例(26.8%),睡前测血压12例(1.6%),晨起+睡前测血压17例(2.2%),有症状时测血压120例(15.7%)。测量组降压目标知晓率和达标率明显高于未测组(33.9%vs 22.4%,P=0.000;53.7%vs 44.0%,P=0.008),收缩压明显低于未测组[(137.46±18.23)mm Hg vs(140.78±18.36)mm Hg,P=0.008]。结论调查人群中家庭血压监测率不高,且家庭血压相关知识认知不足,医护人员在健康教育中应着重加强家庭血压相关知识指导及培训,以提高血压达标率。

Objective To investigate the home blood pressure monitoring-related knowledge and behaviors in elderly hypertensive patients aged≥65 years in Guangzhou. Methods Seven hundred and sixty-five elderly hypertensive patients who underwent physical examination in our hospital from March 2016 to May 2016 were divided into home blood pressure moitoring group （n=354） and non home blood pressure monitoring group （n = 411）. Their baseline data （gender, age, vital signs,past medical history and laboratory test parameters）, frequency and time of home blood pressure monitoring, rate of normalized blood pressure were recorded. Results The blood pressure was monitored once a day in 224 （29.3%）,several times a day in 32 （4.2%）,at unregular times in 98 （12.8%） ,at morning in 205 （26.8%） ,before going to bed in 12 （1.6%） ,at morning and before going to bed in 17 （2.2%） ,at presence of symptoms in 120 （15.7%） out of the 765 hypertensive patients. The awareness rate of blood pressure decreasing target and the achieved rate of normal blood pressure were significantly higher while the SBP was significantly lower in home blood pressure moitoring group than in non home blood pressure monitoring group （33. 9% vs 22.4%,53.7%vs 44. 0%,P=0. 000;137. 46±18. 23 mm Hg vs 140. 78±18.36 mm Hg,P= 0. 008）. Conclusion The rate of home blood pressure monitoring is not high and the home blood pressure monitoring-related knowledge is poor in elderly hypertensive patients. Training of home blood pressure monitoring-related knowledge should thus be strengthened in health education of elderly hypertensive patients in order to improve their blood pressure.