民间外交与中日邦交正常化的回顾与思考

Reflections on Civil Diplomacy and Normalization of Sino-Japan Relations

在中日邦交正常化之前的近乎全民呼吁日中复交的热潮中,日本的许多有识之士、民间团体和部分在野党作为中流砥柱起到了推波助澜的作用。日中友协、日中贸易促进会、工会总评议会、恢复日中邦交国民会议、日中邦交正常化国民协议会等民间团体,社会党、公明党、民社党等在野政党和竹内义胜、浅沼稻次郎、铃木一雄、西园寺公一、宇都宫德马等有识之士以及石桥湛山、松村谦三、高碕达之助、藤山爱一郎等政界名流,都为中日邦交正常化的实现作出了不可磨灭的贡献。当时的日本之所以会出现如此火爆的日中友好氛围,与当时的国内外形势不无关系:新中国日益高涨的国际声誉,中美关系改善的"刺激"以及日本国民对佐藤内阁的失望应该是主要原因。

Before the normalization of Sino-Japan diplomatic relations, there had been emerging in Japan a national tendency of appealing for friendship and amity with China, and numerous insightful people, civil groups, and the opposition parties played the leading role including Japan-China Friendship Society, Japan-China Trade Promotion Association, Trade-Union General Council and Normalization of Japan-China Diplomatic Relations Consultation, the opposition parties including the Socialist Party, Komeito Party, Democratic Socialist Party, and celebrities including TAKEUCHIYOSHIK ATU, ASANUMAINEJIROU, SUZUKIKAZUO, SAIONJIKINKAZU, UTUNOMI YATOKUMA, ISIBASI TANZAN, MATUMURA KENZOU, TAKASAKI TATUNOSUKE, HUJIYAMAAI ICHIROU, etc. They made great contributions to the normalization of Sino-Japan diplomatic relations. And the upsurge of which was indispensible to its internal and external situation： the increasing rise of China＇s international status, the stimulating improvement in China-US relations, and the disillusionment in Japan to the Sato Cabinet at the time.