“少子化”社会背景下日本学前教育政策研究

A Study on the Preschool Education Policy of Japan under the Social Background of "Low Birthrate"

自1980年代末期以降,日本开始遭受少子化问题困扰。因为少子化不单单是一个人口减少问题,它会衍生出很多其他社会问题。因此,如何在少子化背景下养育孩子、如何实施学前教育,便成为日本全社会不得不面对的紧迫课题。以至于学前教育政策竟然成了日本举国应对少子化战略的重要构成部分。近几十年来,我国人口的总和生育率、0-14岁青少年的比例都呈不断下降态势。迅猛发展的老龄化与日益严重的少子化叠加,带给我们的不仅仅是劳动力减少,其对国家可持续发展、对人口结构的负面影响必将日益显现。反观日本,其多年来努力遏止少子化趋势、想方设法克服少子化不良后果的经验教训,对于已经进入少子化、老龄化社会的中国似应具有一定的启示作用。

Since the late 1980s, Japan began to be troubled with low birthrate, which is not just a problem of population decline, but will give rise to a lot of other social problems. Therefore, in the field of education, how to raise children and implement pre-school education under the background of declining birthrate has become an urgent task, which the whole society has to face in Japan. So the preschool education policy has become an important component of nationwide response strategy to Japan＇s low birthrate. In recent decades, the total fertility rate of our population and the proportion of 0-14 year old teenagers have been declining continuously. The rapid development of aging along with the low birthrate brings us not only the labor force decline, but also the increasing negative impact on sustainable development of our country as well as the population structure. In contrast, the lessons and experience, which Japan has drawn over the years by taking efforts to curb the declining birthrate trend and overcome the adverse consequences of declining birthrate, have some implications to China which has entered the society of low birthrate and aging as well.