2013-2015年新疆地区职业暴露高危人群布鲁氏菌病血清学检测结果分析

Analysis of results of brucellosis detection in populations at risk of occupational exposure to brucellosis in the Xinjiang area from 2013-2015

目的探讨2013-2015年新疆地区职业暴露高危人群布鲁氏菌病的流行特征。方法采用琥红平板凝集试验(RB-PT)及试管凝集试验(SAT)对新疆地区从事养殖、屠宰、挤奶、贩卖、畜牧等职业暴露高危人群进行布鲁氏菌病血清学检测。结果 5 608名职业暴露高危人群血清学检测RB-PT阳性率为1.52%;确诊布鲁氏菌病新发病例55例,感染者12例,平均发病率为0.98%。不同年份新疆地区职业暴露高危人群布鲁氏菌病血清学RB-PT阳性率及布鲁氏菌病发病率差异均具有统计学意义(χ2值分别为8.705和9.512,P均<0.05);男、女发病率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.436,P>0.05)。布鲁氏菌病主要发生在每年的1-4月份,新发病例主要分布在牛羊养殖、屠宰、挤奶集中的街道,从事牛羊养殖、屠宰、挤奶者占总病例数的89.09%,发热、乏力、多汗、肌肉关节疼痛是该病常见临床表现。结论新疆地区职业暴露高危人群存在布鲁氏菌病感染,因此应加强对当地职业暴露高危人群的布鲁氏菌病健康教育,提高防护意识,做好畜类的检验检疫工作,从而控制布鲁氏菌病疫情。

Objectives To examine the epidemiological characteristics of brucellosis in populations at risk of occupa- tional exposure to brucellosis in the Xinjiang area from 2013-2015. Methods Antibodies to Brucella were detected with the Rose Bengal plate agglutination test （RB-PT） and the tube agglutination test （SAT） in sera from at risk of occu- pational exposure to brucellosis in the Xinjiang area. Those populations were engaged in occupations such as livestock breeding, slaughtering, milking, trading, and animal husbandry. Results The RB-PT detected brucellosis in 5,608 in- dividuals at risk of occupational exposure to brucellosis, so brucellosis was detected at a rate of 1.52 %. Fifty-five individ- uals were diagnosed with brucellosis for the first time and 12 were infected with Brucella. The average incidence was 0. 98%. In different years, the rate at which the RB-PT detected brucellosis and the incidence of brucellosis differed signifi- cantly among populations at risk of occupational exposure to brucellosis in Xinjiang （χ^2= 8.705,9.512, P〈0.05）. Inci- dence did not differ significantly by sex （χ^2=0. 436, P〈0.05）. Brucellosis occurred mainly from January to April, and new cases mainly involved individuals engaged in cattle breeding, slaughtering, or routes of milk collection. Eighty-nine- point-zero-nine percent of patients were engaged in cattle or sheep breeding, slaughtering, or milking. Common clinical manifestations of the disease were a fever, fatigue, sweating, and muscle and joint pain. Conclusion Populations at risk of occupational exposure to brucellosis in the Xinjiang area are infected with Brucella, so health education regarding bru- cellosis should be enhanced for those populations, awareness of protection from brucellosis should be increased, and live- stock should be inspected and quarantined in order to control the prevalence of human brucellosis.