横向互联空气悬架客车的平顺性和操稳性研究

Ride comfort and handling stability of passenger bus with lateral interconnected air suspension

为研究横向互联空气悬架对车辆行驶平顺性和操纵稳定性的影响,建立横向互联空气弹簧的Simulink仿真模型,将弹簧力引入到使用ADAMS软件建立的某型客车的多体动力学模型,将两者整合为横向互联空气悬架客车的联合仿真模型,并通过实车试验验证了仿真模型的准确性。利用仿真模型,分别对横向互联空气悬架客车和非互联空气悬架客车进行平顺性和操纵稳定性研究。研究结果显示,在随机路面输入仿真工况下,与非互联空气悬架客车相比,横向互联空气悬架客车的车身质心处加权加速度均方根值改善约37.36%,表明横向互联空气悬架可有效地缓和路面激励造成的车辆振动,改善车辆的行驶平顺性;在稳态回转仿真工况下,相对于非互联空气悬架车辆,横向互联空气悬架客车的车身侧倾角增加约6.80%,车身侧倾度的评价计分结果也低于非互联空气悬架客车,表明横向互联空气悬架导致车辆在转弯过程中的侧倾稳定性较差,车辆的操纵稳定性受到不良影响;由横向互联空气悬架客车的操纵稳定性与行驶平顺性研究结果发现,横向互联空气悬架车辆的操纵稳定性与行驶平顺性存在矛盾,因此需要制定合理的控制策略,根据行驶工况实时对互联状态做出调整,以期在保障车辆操纵稳定性的同时,提升车辆的行驶平顺性。

In order to study the effect of lateral interconnected air suspension on vehicle handling stability and ride comfort, the Simulink simulation model of lateral interconnected air springs was established,and the spring forces were applied to the multi-body dynamic model of a passenger bus built by ADAMS. The two are integrated into a co-simulation model of passenger bus with lateral interconnected air suspension. The control stability and ride comfort of bus with lateral interconnected air suspension and with non-interconnected air suspension were studied by means of test and simulation. The results showed that the root mean square value of weighted acceleration on vehicle center mass of bus with lateral interconnected air suspension is improved by 37. 36%,under the input simulation condition of random pavement. It indicates that the lateral air suspension can effectively alleviate the vehicle vibration caused by road excitations and improve ride comfort of vehicle. Compared with the non-interconnected air suspension vehicle, the roll angle of the lateral air suspension bus is increased by 6. 80% , and the evaluation value of the vehicle roll degree is also lower than that of the non-interconnected air suspension under steady-state rotation simulation condition, which indicates that during cornering the lateral interconnection of air suspension causes poor stability of the vehicle and adverse effects on handling stability of vehicle. It is found that the handling stability of lateral interconnected air suspension vehicle is contradictory to the ride comfort. Therefore, according to the driving conditions, it is necessary to develop a reasonable control strategy to adjust the state of the vehicle in real time to improve the ride comfort of vehicles under the premise of ensuring handling stability.