转型期的中国城市贫困问题及治理

The Urban Poverty Problem during the Period of China's Society Transition and Its Governance Policy

城市贫困问题是实现全面建成小康社会的重大障碍之一,认识城市贫困问题依赖于"贫困识别-机理-反贫困"的系统研究。我国城市贫困人口众多,贫困发生率敏感性高,呈现地域分布显著差异显著、结构复杂化和低龄化、贫富差距严重、空间聚居不断边缘化的特点。社会结构和个体行为两个方面的原因导致了城市贫困问题的产生,对城市的经济、社会、政治发展都产生了不利影响。尽管当前的反贫困政策取得了一定成效,但仍然存在不能满足贫困者最低层次的多种需求,忽视了对贫困群体能力开发的问题。新时期的城市贫困治理应当在完善社会保障体系、加强城市基础设施建设、开展职业教育培训、鼓励有能力的贫困群体积极参加工作等方面展开。

The urban poverty problem has become a great barrier in building a moderately prosperous society,while deeply understanding this problem relies on a systematic research on ' poverty recognition-mechanism-anti poverty'.There is a large population of the urban poor in China and the sensitivity of poverty incidence is quite high.The two aspects of social structures and individual behaviors have led to urban poverty,which has a negative impact on the economic,social and political development of cities.Despite the current anti poverty policies have achieved certain outcomes,it still can not meet the multiple needs of the poor at the lowest level and ignores to develop the ability of the poor.In the new period,government should work on improving the social security system,strengthening the construction of urban infrastructure,carrying out vocational education and training,encouraging the poor to actively participate to handle the poverty problem in the new development period.