洞庭湖湿地保护的立法选择

Legislative Choice of Protection for Dongting Lake Wetland

洞庭湖湿地是我国第一批列入国际重要湿地名录的六块湿地之一,具有极其重要的生态价值。当前洞庭湖湿地面临着面积锐减、污染严重、生态服务功能下降、生物多样性降低等严峻环境问题。要解决这些问题,首要的是要有健全的法制。目前,湿地保护并未有国家层面的统一立法,湖南省2005年制定的《湖南省湿地保护条例》存在立法理念落后、管理条块分割、制度设计粗疏等缺陷。完善洞庭湖湿地保护立法,应当采用统一保护与特殊保护相结合的立法路径,修订《湖南省湿地保护条例》,并在该条例中设专章保护洞庭湖湿地。在立法内容上,必须创新湿地保护理念,明确保护优先、一体化保护、社会多元共治三项原则;必须强化保护管理,构建与洞庭湖湿地保护和治理相适应的管理体制;必须细化保护措施,构建最严格的湿地保护法律制度;必须严格法律监督,强化洞庭湖湿地保护的政府责任。

Dongting Lake wetland is one of the six wetlands which are in the List of Wetlands of International Importance in China, has great ecological value. At present, the Dongting Lake wetland is facing serious environmental problems, such as reducing area, serious pollution, decreasing eco-logical service function, lowering biodiversity. To solve these problems, firstly we must have a sound legal system. Currently, the wetland did not have uniform legislation at the national level. Hunan province in 2005 formulated the “Regulations of Hunan Province on wetland protection” , but it ex-ists defects of back ward legislative idea compart mental management careless system The improvement of Dongting Lake wetland protection legislation, legislation should be unified protection and special protection path by combining the revised 44 Regulations of Hunan Province on wetland protection^ , and set up a special chapter for protection of Dongting Lake wetland. In the content of legislation, we must innovate the wetland protection concept, follow three principles of a clear priori-ty of protection principles, integration of conservation principles, and pluralistic governance princi-pies; we must strengthen the protection and management, construction and adapt to the Dongting Lake wetland protection and management system; protection measures must be refined, constructed wetland protection legal system strictly; We must strictly enforce the law, strengthen the government responsibility of Dongting Lake wetland protection.