定性资料的系统评价方法学汇总

A summarization of systematic review methodology for qualitative data

定性系统评价即针对定性研究问题,进行系统检索后纳入定性研究并对其客观评价、分析得出结论的研究类型。资料综合是进行定性系统评价的关键环节,既对纳入研究进行了归纳整理,同时可直接决定系统评价的结果。目前主要的综合方法有主题综合法、Meta-民族志和CIS。主题综合法以形成描述性及分析性的主题为特征;Meta-民族志用于所纳入文献或提取的主题具有明显的相似或对立关系时,并通过线性论证得出结论;而CIS则是基于Meta-民族志而发展起来的一种适用性更广的一种资料综合方法。本文将详细介绍3种重要的定性研究资料的综合方法,从而为研究者提供可参考的方法学指导。

Qualitative systematic review is a kind of research method in which qualitative questions are included into qualitative researches for objectively reviewing and analyzing conclusions after system retrieval. Data synthesis is an important procedure in qualitative systematic review, and the included researches are summed up and meanwhile the results of systematic review is directly determined. There are three major synthesis methods used by most reviewers including thematic synthesis, Meta-ethnography and CIS （critical interpretive synthesis）. Thematic synthesis is characterized by forming descriptive and analytical themes. Meta-ethnography is used when included literature or extracted themes have obvious similar or contradictory relationship, and conclusion can be obtained through linear argument. CIS is a data synthesis method with broader applicability developed based on Meta-ethnography. These three synthesis methods for qualitative research data are introduced in details here, and the methodological guideline will be provided to researchers.