先秦诸子公平思想及其后世影响初探

The Fair Thought in Pre-Qin Period and Its Influence

通过对先秦公平思想及其实践的研究,当代中国的公平建设可以得到重要启示。依据先秦诸子文献,结合其历史条件进行分析,可得出如下结论:在先秦的百家争鸣过程中,墨家最讲平等,其前提则是勤奋劳动与低水平生活;道家主张一种特别的向原始社会倒退的平等;法家最讲效率,鼓吹与战功有无多寡等贡献相适应的平等;儒家提出了与小农社会相适应的公平观,既提倡仁爱,又承认等级差别及阶层流动。诸子学说对后世都发生了很大影响,但也都遇到了难以克服的矛盾。诸子学说被近现代社会所否定与超越,这是历史发展的必然。汲取先哲智慧,中国的公平建设会更有成效,少走弯路。

Chinese should draw lessons from the Fair Thought in Pre-Qin period today. We can get the following conclusion from the research ： In Pre-Qin period, Mohist advocates the equality most strongly, whose premise is hard work and frugal life; Taoism advocates a special equality which turning back to primitive society; Legalists advocates the efficiency most, claiming that battle a-chievement determines status; Confucian puts forward the fair view adapting with the agricultural society, which advocating both benevolence and the differences of classes. The philosophers, the-ories have great influence in later ages, but which also meeting insurmountable contradictions. The philosophers, theory should be negated in the modern society inevitably. Learning from ancestor, the construction of fairness will be more effective in China.