从埋岩政治到国家化:大苗山社会结构研究

From Maiyan Politics to Nationalization: A Study of the Social Structure in Damiaoshan

历史上,埋岩是自发的民主政治实践,大苗山社会是埋岩管理下的扁平的社会。清末民国时期,在国家化的背景下,埋岩政治徘徊在地方与国家之间,因此大苗山社会不断在地方社会与国家社会间摇摆。建国以后,埋岩政治被摧毁,大苗山社会演变为严密的国家社会结构。随着村民自治的推行,地方历史与内部联系进一步被割裂,大苗山社会变得更为松散,进入了村本位的时代,濒临解体。新时期,传统民俗文化的复兴,一定程度调适并维系了大苗山社会。大苗山的社会结构演变史,是20世纪中国民族国家构建过程的一个缩影。

This paper elaborates the political evolutive history from Maiyan to nationalization in Damiaoshan and analyzes the social structure and its changes. In history, Maiyan was an initiative demo- cratic political practice, and the society in Damiaoshan controlling by Maiyan is fiat. In late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, under the background of nationalization, Maiyan politics lingered between thelocaland the nation, so the society in Damiaoshan swung between thelocal society and national society constantly. After the founding of PRC, Maiyan politics was destroyed, and the society in Damiaoshan evolved into rigorous national social structure. With village self - governance, the local history and internal relation were isolated further, and the society in Damiaoshan which became more loose entered into the village era on the brink of collapse. In the new period, the revival of traditional folk culture, adapts and maintains the society in Damiaoshan in a certain extent. The evolutive history of social structure in Damiaoshan is an epitome of Chinese nation - state building process in the twentieth century.