2011-2015年广东省珠海市斗门区17066例狂犬病暴露者流行病学特征分析

17066 cases of rabies exposed population epidemiological characteristics in Doumen District of Zhuhai City of Guangdong from 2011 to 2015

目的掌握珠海市斗门区狂犬病暴露者流行病学特征及暴露后预防处置状况,为狂犬病预防和控制工作提供理论依据。方法收集2011-2015年珠海市斗门区6家医疗卫生机构犬伤门诊报告的狂犬病暴露者资料,包括暴露者年龄、性别等一般信息,以及犬伤暴露情况等,对收集的狂犬病暴露者资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2011-2015年珠海市斗门区因被动物致伤到狂犬病暴露处置门诊就诊者共计17 066例,5年平均暴露率为989.4/10万,其中男性暴露率高于女性,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=200.2,P<0.05)。从不同年龄分布情况来看,10岁以下儿童暴露率最高。不同暴露部位以下肢最多,其次暴露较多的依次是上肢、躯干、头面部等。从暴露程度分级来看,以Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露为主。99.98%的暴露者到犬伤门诊后进行了伤口处理,且所有的暴露者均接种了疫苗。从致伤动物情况来看,79.32%的狂犬病暴露者的致伤动物为家犬。结论珠海市斗门区狂犬病的暴露率较高,群众预防知识缺乏、防控意识淡薄,建议把狂犬病防控纳入法制化管理,重点落实犬、猫等宿主动物的免疫及以暴露者规范处置为主的综合性防治措施。

Objective To master the epidemiological characteristics of rabies exposed population and the status of prevention and treatment after exposure, to provide a theoretical basis for rabies prevention and control work. Methods To collect the data of rabies exposed population in 6 rabies out - patient clinics in Doumen District of Zhuhai City from 2011 to 2015, including the age and gender of the exposed population, and the exposure situation of dogs. The epidemiology of the rabies exposed population was collected. Results A total of 1 7 066 patients were exposed to rabies in Doumen District of Zhuhai City from 2011 to 2015. The 5 -year average exposure rate was 989.4/100 000, with male exposure rate higher than that of female（x2 = 200. 2, P 〈0. 05 ）. The exposure rate of children under 10 years old was the highest. The lower limbs were most exposed to different expo- sure parts, followed by the upper hmbs, trunk, head and face. From the degree of exposure to grading, to class Ⅱ , Ⅲ - based exposure. 99. 98% of the exposed workers were treated at the disposal clinic, and all the exposed persons were vaccinated. From the situation of animal injury, the vast majority of rabies exposed to the crowd of animals caused by the dog. Conclusion Doumen District of Zhuhai City, high exposure rate of rabies, the lack of prevention knowledge of the masses, prevention and control awareness of the proposed control of rabies into the legal management, comprehensive prevention and control measures.