2016年河北省三河市农村生活饮用水水质分析与对策

Analysis and countermeasure of rural drinking water quality in Sanhe City of Hebei Province in 2016

目的通过对三河市农村饮用水开展卫生学调查和水质检测,全面了解三河市农村生活饮用水卫生现状,为农村饮用水综合治理和加强农村饮水卫生监管提供科学依据。方法对三河市所有农村饮水单位开展卫生学调查,并对出厂水和末梢水进行水质检测。结果三河市共有10个乡镇395个行政村,其中24个村为城市管网供水,24个村为镇水厂集中供水,其余347个村均为村小型水厂集中供水。共检测水样1 402份,合格1 059份,合格率75.53%。枯水期水质合格率88.30%,丰水期水质合格率62.76%,经统计学检验,差异用统计学意义(χ~2=123.67,P<0.01)。不合格指标从高到低为总大肠菌群(18.83%)、耐热大肠菌群(8.77%)、氟化物(4.27%)、菌落总数(0.93%)、硝酸盐氮(0.85%)、氨氮(0.57%)、铁(0.57%)、肉眼可见物(0.21%)、锰(0.21%)。结论三河市农村生活饮用水水质主要是微生物污染,应采取综合措施,加强对农村饮水安全工程的事后监管,重点加强水源防护、水质处理、消毒设施配备及消毒设施正常运转等监督指导,并定期开展水质检测,及时掌握水质动态,防止介水传染病发生。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for comprehensive management of drinking water in rural areas and to strengthen the supervision of drinking water in rural areas by comprehensively investigating hygiene status of rural drinking water in Sanhe City by conducting sanitation survey and water quality testing of drinking water in rural areas. Methods Hygiene survey was carried out for all drinking water units in the city, and the water quality of the factory and the peripheral water was test- ed. Results In Sanhe City, a total of l0 townships 395 administrative villages, of which 24 villages for the urban water supply pipe network, 24 villages for the town water supply, the remaining 347 villages are small water supply. A total of 1 402 copies of water quality, qualified 1 059, with a pass rate of 75.53%. The qualified rate of water quality in dry season is 88.30%. The qualified rate of water quality in high water period is 62. 76%. There was a significant difference between the dry season and the wet season（xz = 123.67, P 〈0. 01 ）. The total number of colonies（0. 93% ）, nitrate nitrogen（0. 85% ） and ammonia nitrogen （0. 85% ） were the highest in the unqualified indexes from high to low（ 18.83% ） , coliform（0. 57% ） , iron（0. 57% ） , macro- scopic material（0.21% ） and manganese（0. 21% ）. Conclusion The drinking water quality of rural drinking water in Sanhe is mainly microbiological pollution, and comprehensive measures should be taken to strengthen the ex post supervision of rural drinking water safety project. The supervision and guidance of water source protection, water treatment, disinfection facilities and disinfection facilities should be strengthened. To carry out water quality testing, timely grasp of water dynamics, to prevent the occurrence of waterborne infectious diseases.