凹山铁矿地质环境治理与残矿回收实践

Practice of Geological Environment Treatment and Residual Ore Recovery of Washan Iron Mine

凹山铁矿经过几十年的露天开采,形成的采坑边帮由于受构造、节理等地质因素和风化、雨水侵蚀等自然因素影响,局部已出现裂缝变形失稳、崩塌滑坡等安全隐患,直接影响其闭坑后作为尾矿库使用的安全性,同时作为即将闭坑的矿山,其原设计境界外仍残留有大量铁矿资源。在分析凹山采坑地质环境和残矿资源基础上,通过扩帮减载以及锚杆、锚索、挂网喷浆等支护措施,消除了边坡可能出现的崩塌、滑坡等安全隐患;通过采用分阶段逐层自上而下的分层采剥工艺、液压反铲和小型卡车联合采运工艺,回收可利用残矿资源1 250余万t,累计销售收入5.46亿元;为企业和社会创造了可观的经济和环境效益,为类似矿山地质环境治理与残矿回收提供了经验。

Open-pit mining is done for several decades in Washan iron mine,the safe hidden troubles of deformation instability and collapse and landslide are existed of the pits produced by mining activities under the influence of the geological factors of structure,joint and the natural factors of rain erosion,so,the service safety of the pits are affected when they are taken as the tailing pond after closing pits. Besides that,as a closing mine,a large quantity iron resources are still remained outside the border of the original design in Washan iron mine. Based on analyzing the geological environment and residual resources of the Washan pit,the safety hidden troubles of collapse and landslide maybe existed in the slopes are eliminated by taking the measures of loading reducing by slope expansion and anchor rod,anchor rope and net-suspended spray supporting. The combined mining and transportation process based on the grading and layering stripping from top to bottom process,the hydraulic backhoe and tot truck are adopted,about 1 250 million t residual resources is recycled,the accumulative total sales revenue is reached to 546 million yuan. Therefore,the significant economic and environment benefits are obtained,the above study results in this paper can provide some experiences for the geological environment treatment and residual ore recovery for the similar mines.