旅游产业集聚对区域旅游业效率的影响研究--基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析

The influence of tourism industrial agglomeration on the regional tourism industry efficiency--A panel data analysis of provinces in China

旅游产业集聚在一定程度上能够有效促进旅游业的发展。选取2005年~2014年全国31省份的数据作为样本,分别使用DEA法测算旅游业效率、运用区位熵法衡量旅游产业集聚程度。其次基于面板数据对旅游产业集聚与区域旅游业效率进行固定效应模型分析,结果显示如下:(1)中国旅游业效率、旅游产业集聚程度整体上呈现递增趋势,但是仍然处于较低水平;(2)旅游产业集聚对提升旅游业效率产生积极的影响,经济发展水平和科技创新水平对全国旅游业效率的提升产生正向效应,而单一的旅行社、旅游饭店的数量增长对提升全国旅游业效率表现为负向效应;(3)从各区域看,旅游产业集聚对东部、中部和西部地区的旅游业效率都有显著的正向相关关系,并且对各区域的影响程度不一;(4)进一步研究发现,旅游产业集聚对促进旅游业技术效率、旅游业规模效率的提升都有重要的积极影响,对推动旅游业规模效率的发展效果明显优于对旅游业技术效率的作用,表明旅游产业集聚对旅游业效率的提升主要是通过促进旅游业规模效率值的提高这一途径来实现。根据以上结论从旅游企业、政府两个角度提出提升旅游业效率的发展策略。

Tourism industrial agglomeration can effectively promote the devel-opment of tourism to a certain extent. Based on the 31 provinces tourism re-lated data in China for the period from 2005 to 2014, we conducted to examinethe efficiency of 31 provinces and to measure the tourism agglomeration usingthe DEA method and LQ method firstly. Then we conducted an empirical analysisabout the effect of Industrial agglomeration on Tourism industry efficiencyusing fixed effects model, the results show as follows： ①Both the China’ stourism industry efficiency and tourism industry cluster present overall theincreasing trend but are still in a lower level; ②Industrial agglomerationhave a positive impact on the efficiency of tourism industry, the level of e-conomic development ,science and technology innovation as variable can enhancethe efficiency of China’ s tourism industry, but the growth number of travel a-gencies and tourist hotel will hinder the improvement of the efficiency oftourism industry; ③Industrial agglomeration all have a positive effect on theeastern region, the central region and the western region, but the influencedegree is different; ④Further research finds tourism industrial agglomerationhave significant positive correlation on technical efficiency and scale effi-ciency. However, the tourism scale efficiency is significantly higher than theinfluence of technical efficiency for tourism. Finally, we propose some sug-gestions to promote the China’ s tourism industry efficiency from tourism en-terprises and the government.