中国成人糖尿病患者病情知晓对行为的影响

Influence of awareness on the behaviors of Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus

目的:了解中国糖尿病患病知晓现状,探讨糖尿病知晓情况对患者行为的影响,为糖尿病防控相关政策和策略的制定提供依据。方法:选取2013年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测数据库中297个监测县(区)的调查数据,描述性分析糖尿病患病和知晓情况,采用卡方检验比较知晓自身患病和不知晓自身患病的糖尿病患者行为方式的分布有无差异,运用多元Logistic回归分析知晓情况对患者行为方式的影响。结果:有效样本为175 670人,2013年中国成人糖尿病自报患病率为3.9%,知晓率为38.6%。在控制城乡、地区、年龄、性别、民族、婚姻状态、教育程度、职业和收入因素后,知晓自身患病的糖尿病患者当前吸烟(OR=0.79)、饮酒(OR=0.58)的可能性显著低于不知晓自身患病的糖尿病患者,知晓自身患病的患者平均每周身体活动时间大于150 min的可能性显著高于不知晓自身患病的患者(OR=1.30)。结论:中国糖尿病知晓率仍处于较低水平,知晓自身是否患有糖尿病对患者吸烟、饮酒和身体活动情况产生影响。健康教育和健康检查工作需在时间和空间上进一步拓展,且需要各部门广泛配合,最终形成综合个体、卫生系统和社会经济层面的政策环境来预防与控制糖尿病。

Objective: To explore the influence of awareness on the behaviors of Chinese adults with diabetes mellitus,so as to provide scientific evidence for developing relevant policies and strategies in the prevention and control of diabetes. Methods: Data from the 2013 China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance were used,covering 297 surveillance counties( districts). The variables involved in this cross-sectional study included: the prevalence of diabetes,the awareness situation,demographic characteristics,behaviors,and other information. The study used descriptive analysis to analyze diabetes status and chi-square test to determine the difference in the distribution of behaviors between patients who were aware of their disease and those who were not. Logistic analysis was performed to examine the influence of diabetes awareness on patients' behaviors with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: A total of175 670 subjects were involved. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes in China in 2013 was 3. 9%,while the awareness rate was 38. 6%. The percentage of current smokers or current drinkers among the patients who were aware of their disease( 20. 2%,25. 0%) was less than that among the patients who were not aware( 25. 8%,35. 0%). The proportion of those who often exercised among the patients who were aware of their disease( 83. 4%) was higher than that among the patients who were not aware( 79. 0%). There was slightly higher proportion of the subjects who had insufficient intake of vegetables and fruits or over intake of red meat among the patients who were aware of their disease( 49. 4%,28. 0%)than that among the patients who were not aware( 48. 4%,26. 1%). After controlling urban and rural areas,regions,age,gender,nationality,marital status,educational level,occupation,and income factors,the possibility of current smoking( OR = 0. 79) or drinking( OR = 0. 58) among the patients who were aware of their disease was lower than among those who were not; the possibility of more than 150-minute physical activity per week( OR = 1. 30) among the patients who were aware of their disease was higher than among those who were not. Conclusion: The awareness rate of diabetes in China still remains low. Knowing whether they have diabetes or not has an effect on individual choice of behaviors,including smoking,drinking and physical activities. Therefore,health education and health examination for diabetes should be further expanded with wide cooperation from all relevant departments,thus forming an integrated environment involving individuals,health systems and socioeconomic policies to prevent and control diabetes.