鲁迅对“四库”评价的转向:以《四库全书》、《四库全书总目》为中心

The Transition of Luxun's Evaluation of Si Ku:Focusing on Si Ku Quan Shu and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu

仔细研读鲁迅著作、书信发现,以1934年为界,鲁迅对《四库全书》、《四库全书总目》的批评态度发生了明显转向,从最初的古籍善本上的学理探讨转向寓"古"讽"今"的批评。批评《四库全书》由最初从学术研究的立场注意其是"钦定",后期受国民政府文网禁令的影响而放大为"满清暗杀中国著作"的态度,同时鲁迅中国小说研究、古籍序跋等文字和论述又充满了《四库全书总目》的风格。距乾隆四库开馆仅百余年时间,鲁迅等学者对"四库"书籍,顾宪成、袁宏道等明清士人评价的反转,站在现在的角度来反思民国时期以及接下来文学史、思想史上的批评或认同变化,是值得深挖的。

After a thorough study of Lu Xun＇s works and letters, it was discovered that since the year 1934, his perspective on the great books Si Ku Quart Shu and Si Ku Quan Shu Zong Mu showed a clear transition？ from taking academic research to use the models of the past to criticize the present. Previously, from the perspective of academic research, Lu Xun commented that Si Ku Quan Shu was compiled under the order of the emperor; later on, under the influence of the National Governmenfs forbidding and dama-ging, Lu Xun recommended that it did great harm to Chinese great works. However, the style of Si Ku Quan Shu was reflected in Lu Xuns novel studies？ writing prefaces and postscripts, and other texts. A- bout one hundred years after the opening of Si Ku, scholars such as Lu Xun changed their attitude of the evaluation of Si Ku made by Gu Xiancheng and Yuan Hongdao living in Qing Dynasty. It is of great impor-tance for modern scholars to reflect on the criticism, agreements or changes in attitude in the field of litera-ture both in the period of Republic of China and in the future.