NASA低温推进剂长期在轨贮存与传输技术验证及启示

Demonstration and Inspiration in Technology of Cryogenic Propellant Long-term Storage and Transfer in Orbit of NASA

液氢/液氧低温推进剂被认为是目前进入空间及轨道转移最经济、效率最高的化学推进剂,但其沸点低,低温推进剂长期在轨蒸发量控制及贮箱压力控制等成为核心技术难题。结合国内外研究情况,分析了美国近年来低温推进剂长期在轨贮存与传输关键技术及地面试验,重点探讨了主动制冷技术、大面积冷屏技术及其他被动热控技术相结合的技术方案,给出了低温推进剂长期在轨贮存与传输技术的未来发展趋势。

LH2 and LO2 are considered to be the most economic and efficient chemical propellant for space entrance and orbital transfer. However, because of its extremely low boiling point, cryogenic propellant long-term in orbit boil-off control and tank pressure control become the key problems. According to the results of domestic and foreign research, the key technologies and ground tests of the cryogenic propellant long-term in orbit storage and transmission in recent years have been discussed, which include the active cooling, broad area cooler and other passive thermal control technology. And the technology developing trend has also been proposed.