日本公共图书馆社会化运营的负面影响及社会反思

Negative Impact and Social Introspection in Outsourcing of Japanese Public Library Management

社会化运营是日本公共图书馆的运营模式之一,该模式起步于20世纪80年代,主要采用委托管理制度和指定管理者制度。社会化运营对日本公共图书馆事业的发展产生了直接和间接两个层面的负面影响,招致了社会各界的众多反对意见,如主管机构文科省对社会化运营存在疑虑、日本图书馆协会认为指定管理者制度不适合公共图书馆、日本民众并不支持社会化运营。日本公共图书馆的社会化运营主要体现出经济性和公益性之间的矛盾,以及政府机构职能的缺失。因此,公共图书馆探索社会化运营,必须要保证公共图书馆服务的公益性,以及政府职责的有效履行。

The development of Japanese public, libraries’ outsourcing management,one of the management modes, started early in the 1980s. Mandatory administrator system and designated administrator system become main outsourcing management ways of public libraries in Japan. Outsourcing management has produced direct and indirect negative effects on the development of Japanese public librarianship,which has been opposed by all walks of life. For example,the Department of Culture and Science doubts about outsourcing management, the Society of Japanese Libraries considers that designated administrator system is not suitable for public librar-ies, and Japanese folk doesn？t support outsourcing management. The main problems of outsourcing management are the contradiction between economic and public welfare, and the lack of governmental functions. The first aim of public library outsourcing management is keeping public welfare and effective performance of governmen-tal functions. 1 tab. 29 refs.