概念结构理论

A Theory of Conceptual Structure

本文不从概念的外延和内涵出发,而是将概念作为初始出发点,按照概念结构整体论的观点,在思想-概念-语言三者统一的基础上,建立概念结构的形式理论,讨论其基本性质及其意义,并在此基础上研究若干相关的问题。实际中使用的推理,比我们通常说的逻辑推理要更广泛,本文建立依赖于语言的相对于主体的推理,并根据这种相对的推理建立相对的一致性概念。通过这种新的一致性的概念,讨论不一致信念集的特征。在此基础上,本文讨论了本质上等价于三段论推理的标准规则,证明其是可靠和完备的。这也说明了,三段论推理可以在概念结构理论中有一个合理的解释。词项的同义是语言学中的重要问题,按整体论的观点,比同义更一般的不可分辨性更重要。本文给出了概念的不可分辨性的定义,并讨论其在语言中的表现。不同语言间的翻译也是语言学中的重要问题,本文在概念结构的形式理论基础上的对不同语言间的翻译进行了一些初步的讨论。本文只是在对最简单的语言进行讨论,通过这样的讨论体现概念结构形式理论的思想、方法和研究框架。

Starting from concepts themselves instead of their extensions and intensions,based on the unity of thought-concept-language according to the holistic theory of conceptual structure,this paper builds a formal theory of conceptual structure of which properties,significance and some relevant issues are talked about.Since normal inferences are wideranger than logical inference,this paper will construct some kind of inference relying on language relative to subject and its consistency.Using new concept of consistency,we talk about the features of inconsistent belief sets.Based on previous work,we prove standard rules which are essentially equivalent to syllogistic reasoning sound and complete.This also illustrates syllogistic reasoning can have a reasonable explanation under the theory of conceptual structure.Though synonymy between lexical items is an issue of great importance in linguistics,indistinguishability which is more general(than synonymy) is quite important according to Holism.We first define the concept of indistinguishability and then inspect its performance in language.Translation between languages is also a significant issue in linguistics;therefore we have some preliminary discussion on it on the basis of formal theory of conceptual structure.During the whole discussion,we focus on the simplest language which is enough to enlighten the thoughts,methods and research frames of formal theory of conceptual structure.