理想与现实:我国中小学教师工资水平和结构研究

Ideal and Reality:Research on the Level and Structure of Teachers' Salary in Chinese Primary and Secondary Schools

当前我国中小学教师工资改革不仅关注提高工资水平,更关注调整工资结构以深化教师工资体制改革。本文基于2014—2016年间对全国中小学教师工资抽样调查收集的数据和访谈资料,研究了我国中小学教师工资水平和结构问题,得出如下主要研究结论:多数样本县(市)中小学教师平均工资低于社会平均工资水平;义务教育教师平均工资水平也低于当地同级别公务员平均工资水平;省际和省内中小学教师工资水平均存在较大差距;中小学教师工资水平和结构主要受县(市)级政府财政保障能力影响;义务教育学校绩效工资未能充分发挥激励导向作用。基于此,本文提出如下政策建议:提高中小学教师工资标准,增加奖励性绩效工资水平,改变奖励性绩效工资的拨款方式,优化中小学教师工资结构,建立中小学教师工资标准定期调整机制。

At present,the reform of primary and secondary school teachers' salary in China is not only concerned with raising the wage level,but also paying more attention to the adjustment of wage structure in order to deepen the reform of teachers' salary system.Based on 2014—2016 data and interview documents of a national salary survey on primary and secondary teachers,this paper researches the level and structure of primary and secondary teachers,and draw the following conclusions:The average wage of primary and secondary school teachers is lower than the average wage level in most of the sample counties;the average salary level of compulsory education teachers is lower than the average wage level of civil servants;between-province and within-province salary gaps are pronounced;the level and structure of teachers salary in primary and secondary schools are mainly influenced by the fiscal capacity of city and county governments;merit pay in compulsory education does not fully fulfill its function in incentive.Based on above conclusions,this paper proposes the following policy suggestions:raise the standard of teachers' salary in primary and secondary schools;increase the level of performancebased bonus and change the funding type of performance-based bonus;optimize salary structure of primary and secondary school teachers;and establish regular adjustment mechanism of salary standard of primary and secondary school teachers.