元代畏吾儿航海家亦黑迷失与泉州港——以三方碑刻为中心

The Uyghur Navigator Iqmi? and the Quanzhou Harbour of Yuan China with a Focus on Three Inscriptions

亦黑迷失乃元代著名航海家、外交家,也是维吾尔族历史上的第一位航海家。其一生极富传奇,五次奉使海外,为扩大元朝在海外的影响,沟通同东南亚、南亚诸国的关系和海外交通事业的发展,做出了重要贡献。在泉州,除1945年发现的《一百大寺看经记》碑外,近年来又出土了两方与亦黑迷失有直接关系的墓志碑刻。《许静山墓志》显示他后三次出使均从泉州港起航和回航;《盛柔善墓志》记录了他与汉族女子通婚,且在远征爪哇失利后,告老家居于泉州的史实。这三方碑铭,共同为研究亦黑迷失后期的去向提供了最可靠的文物资料,回答了在延祐初年他何以能拥有为一百座寺院布施的雄厚财力。

Iqmis was a well - known navigator and diplomat in the Yuan Dynasty, and he was the first Uyghur navigator in history. In his legendary life, he had been sent on five diplomatic missions overseas, making great contribution to the overseas commu-nication between the Yuan Court and the countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia. In Quanzhou, apart from the epigraph of “Yibai Dasi Kanjingji” which was unearthed in 1945, there are two recently - found epitaphs that record about Iqmis, namely,“The Epitaph of Xu Jingsha” and “The Epitaph of Sheng Roushan” . The former reveals that Quanzhou was the departure and arrival harbour in his last three envoys, while the latter records that he married a Han woman and that he settled in Quanzhou after he failed in the Java expedition. All the three inscriptions provide.