辐射影响药物代谢的研究进展

A review of radiation impact on drug metabolism

辐射为继水、大气、噪音污染之后的第四大污染,严重危害人体健康。辐射主要来自医用射线、工业用射线、核废物和大气紫外线等,其存在的广泛性引起人们对辐射损伤效应及其机制的广泛关注。辐射分为电离辐射和非电离辐射,研究来自于环境或临床治疗的电离及非电离辐射对药物代谢的影响,对于了解辐射条件下药物在机体内的代谢和消除快慢,并指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。本文综述了电离辐射(γ-射线、X-射线、铀辐射和铯辐射)和非电离辐射(紫外线)对药物代谢的影响,阐述了辐射条件下药物代谢酶、药物转运体和药物动力学特征的变化,并探讨了其在临床上的重要意义。

The radiation is regarded as the fourth biggest pollution following the water, air and noise pollution, which generates a broad impact on human physiology and healthy. The radiation mainly comes from medical rays, industrial rays, nuclear wastes and atmospheric ultraviolet rays. The universality makes people pay more and more attention to the damage effect and mechanism of radiation. The radiation is divided into ionizing and non-ionizing radiation. It is a good idea to study the effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation on drug＇s metabolism, which may give a guidance to clinical medication to avoid adverse reactions and to support personalized medicine. This article reviews the effect of ionizing radiation （y-rays, X-rays, uranium and cesium） and non-ionizing radiation （ultraviolet rays） on drug metabolism, their impact on metabolic characteristics of some drugs and the impact on expression of enzymes and transporters in drug metabolism, which is conducted with a focus on clinical significance.