高密度栽培条件下磷肥用量对滴灌玉米干物质积累和产量的影响

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer on the Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield in Maize under High Planting Density

【目的】研究不同磷肥用量对高密度栽培条件下玉米产量、各生育阶段干物质积累与分配的影响。【方法】采用裂区实验设计,测量P_2O_5不同用量下玉米干物质和产量,对滴灌玉米在高密度栽培条件下产量与最佳施磷量之间的关系进行了探索。【结果】随着磷肥用量的增加,玉米产量、茎粗呈抛物线变化趋势。随着玉米生育进程的推进,各处理玉米干物质积累量均随生长发育进程而增加,拔节期到大喇叭口期积累缓慢,从大喇叭口期开始迅速增长。各个生育时期施磷量187.5 kg/hm^2处理的叶面积指数、叶片SPAD值最大,拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄吐丝期施磷量187.5 kg/hm^2处理的叶面积指数均显著高于其他处理。随着施磷量的增加玉米的株高增加,二者符合指数函数。【结论】研究区理论施磷量为213.8 kg/hm^2,可获得的最高产量为16021.61 kg/hm^2。

[ Objective] In order to discuss the effect of phosphorus fertilizer on the characteristics of yield and nutrient uptake in maize. [ Method] The split block design was used to analyze the effect of different P2O5 quantities on the dry matter accumulation and yield in maize, and further explore the relationship between yield and phosphorus application under high density planting and fertigation. [ Result ] The results indicated that with the increase of phosphorus application, the maize yield and stem diameter showed a parabolic trend. The dry matter accumulation was increased with the maize development, which was slowly accumulated from elongation stage to bell stage and rapidly accumulated from bell stage forward. Under 187.5 kg/hm^2 phosphorus application, the leaf area index （LAI） and SPAD value stages. Under 187.5 kg/hm^2 phosphorus condition, the were highest, respectively at different developmental leaf area index （LAI） value was significantly higher than that under the other treatments. With the increase of phosphorus application, the plant height of maize was increased, which showed the exponential trend. [ Conclusion ] Conclusively, the yield peaked at 16,021.61 kg/hm^2 under the appropriate phosphorus application of 213.8 kg/hm^2 at this experimental site.