构建我国行政审判“参照”惯例制度

Establishing the “Reference to Practice”System in Chinese Administrative Adjudication

我国应加紧将惯例引入行政审判依据体系,确立"参照"惯例制度。这一做法不仅有宪法、法律和司法解释依据,而且有利于保持行政与司法"依据"的应然一致性,便于将惯例纳入司法审查,拓展以"平等权之诉"为代表的行政诉讼受案范围。参照惯例的条件是惯例合法有效。惯例的适用性审查不以原告申请为前提,"参照"的内涵为"裁判依据引用"而非"裁判理由引述"。当下行政诉讼制度设计中的"一并请求审查"、"向处理机关提出处理建议"、审判依据体系、司法认知、涉外行政诉讼等条款中应融入惯例地位、功能等内容。

China should accelerate the introduction of practice to the administrative trial system and the establishment of ＂Reference to Practice＂, which is based on the Constitution, the laws and the judicial interpretation, and is conducive to maintaining the consistency between administrative and judicial basis, integrating the practice into judicial review procedure, and expanding the scope of administrative litigation as characterized by ＂litigation for equal rights＂. The precondition of ＂Reference to Practice＂ is the legality and validity of practice. The applicability review of practice is not premised on the application of the plaintiff, and the connotation of ＂ Reference＂ shall be ＂ Citation of Adjudication Basis＂ instead of ＂ Citation of Adjudication Causes＂ The status, function and other aspects of practice shall be integrated into the causes of administrative litigation system involving the ＂combined adjudication of request＂, ＂raising disposal advice to the competent authority＂, the system of adjudication basis, judicial perception, administrative litigation involving foreign interests and so on.