自生能力、外部支持与农民合作社服务功能

Viability,External Support and Service Capabilities of Farmer Cooperatives

本文提出自生能力和外部支持是影响农民合作社服务功能实现的重要因素。基于338家产品生产类合作社的样本调查数据和计量经济模型实证分析表明,保障大户的附加表决权、重要事项由成员大会或理事会民主表决、按照法定方案分配盈余是异质性成员激励相容的合作社制度,能够显著增强合作社的自生能力、促进服务功能的实现;而某些不同于传统合作社原则的异化特征也是激励相容的,比如按实物出资入股、在外雇用管理人员、非成员业务和服务等,同样可以促进合作社服务功能实现;来自政府的外部支持对于当前处于发展初级阶段的合作社而言有必要,获得政府资助并实际投入使用的合作社服务功能实现程度更高。

Based on reviewing two important literatures,the paper points out that viability and external support are important influential factors for realization of service capabilities of Farmer Cooperatives.According to large sample survey data of 338 product-production cooperatives all over the country,as well as the econometric model,the paper carries out empirical analysis and concludes.The cooperative system with heterogeneous member incentive compatibility involves that extra voting rights of major members shall be guaranteed,important matters shall be decided through democratic voting of member conference or council,and profits shall be shared according to legal schemes,all of which can prominently strengthen viability of cooperatives and promote realization of service capabilities.Whereas,some heterogeneous characteristics violating traditional cooperative principles,including contribution and share purchase in kind,external employment of management workers,non-member business and services,are also incentive-compatible as they can promote realization of cooperative service capabilities as well; meanwhile,acquisition of external governmental support also plays a crucial role for cooperatives staying at an initial development stage.Practical application of governmental funding can facilitate realization of cooperative service capabilities.