德沃金司法裁判方案的重构与批判——以法律论证理论为基础

Reconstruction and Critiques on the Judicial Referee Scheme of Dworkin——Based on the Legal Argument Theory

德沃金认为司法裁判的本质是确定当事人享有什么权利。法官论证具体案件中当事人享有什么权利,不仅涉及法律规则、法律原则以及特定社会关于公平、正义的观念,而且必须建构关于法律的整体或完整理论。这个司法裁判理论不能保证对原则以及法的范式的解释是理性的,因为它是一种独白式理论,以及关于法律命题的真理观是传统符合论的真理观。道德原则只能在得到按照理性商谈原则与规则所构建的立法程序的确认后方可成为法律原则。被证成为有效的法律原则适用于具体案件并导出正当法律决定的过程中,必须要再次经过理性商谈或论证。

In Dworkin＇ s opinion, the essence of judicial referee can be delineating the right circle of litigants. The process that judgers justified what rights are litigants entitled in specific cases is related to two sections, one of which can be the combination of legal rules, legal principles and the social concepts concerning the fairness and justice in the specific context, the other one of which can be the construction on the entirety theory or integrity theory of law. This judicial referee theory above can be a certain monologic theory and its view of truth about the legal state- ments can be equivalent to the one governed by the conventional correspondence theory, so that its interpretation for doctrines and legal paradigms cannot be guaranteed to be rational. The moral principles can be transformed into the legal principles only when the former has been recognized by the legislative procedure which is constructed by the reasonable discussing concepts and regulations. The rational discussions and arguments must be re-operated during the process that the legal principles which have been justified to be valid are applied to the specific cases, after which the reasonable legal decisions would be made with the guidance of them.