“无乃……乎”构式化的语用动因——基于《左传》用例的分析

On the Pragmatic Motivation of the Construction of “Wunai……hu”:An Analysis on the Cases in “Zuo Zhuan”

"无乃……乎"的语言意义为"恐怕……吧",构式意义为"双层的不确定表示肯定",即从语气上构成推测,但是表示对内容的肯定。这一构式最初使用在下位者对上位者的劝谏语境,以"无乃不可乎"的形式出现,后在使用中构式化为"无乃……乎",使用语境泛化。其构式化的语用动因是语用缓和与礼貌程度的语用等级。

＂无乃……乎＂, means ＂I＇m afraid that＂, whose constructional meaning is ＂uncertain double af- firmed＂, namely speculating from the tone but affirming the content. This construction was first used as ＂无乃不可乎＂ form, and was generalized as ＂无乃……乎＂ later. The pragmatic motivation of its construction is the pragmatic scale of the mitigation and politeness degree.