国际海关便利通关制度最佳实践经验、发展趋势与中国因应之策

The Best Practical Experience and Development Trend in Convenient Clearance System of International Customs and China's Solutions

在"一带一路"背景下,贸易畅通要求解决贸易便利化问题,消除投资和贸易壁垒,通过优化便利通关制度能够实现这一目标。我国海关将逐步落实"信息互换、监管互认、执法互助",推动口岸管理相关部门通关协作,形成集约高效、协调统一的一体化通关管理格局。对国际海关领域而言,世界贸易组织、世界海关组织等国际组织、欧亚经济联盟等区域组织在边境联合监管、一体化通关管理等方面的先进做法、经验及发展趋势不断影响和改变着海关管理,可供我国在实施"一带一路"构建通关一体化制度过程中予以借鉴。为此,我国应通过提升通关一体化政策法律地位、重塑通关改革中关区管理体制、实现口岸管理部门协同治理、优化海关与商界伙伴关系、加强国际海关事务参与广度与深度进一步推进贸易便利化。

Under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, the unimpeded trade requires solving the problem of trade facilitation, eliminating investment and trade barrier, which could be realized through opti- mization of convenient customs clearance system. China customs would implement mechanism of ＂mutual exchange of information, mutual recognition of supervision, and mutual assistance in law enforcement＂ step by step to promote cooperation of relevant departments of port management, with the aim to form efficient and unified pattern of integrated customs management. In the field of international customs, advanced prac- tices, experience and development trend in aspects such as coordinated border management and integrated customs management of international organizations like WTO, WCO, and regional organizations like Eura- sian Economic Union, have increasingly affected and changed customs management. All of which provide helpful experiences for China in system establishment of integrated customs clearance in the process of im- plementing the Belt and Road Initiative. Therefore, China shall further promote trade facilitation in the fol- lowing methods ： enhancing the legitimacy of policies related to integrated customs clearance, reshaping sys- tem of custom-district management in customs clearance reformation, establishing collaborative governance among port management departments, optimizing partnership between customs and business sector, and re- inforcing breadth and depth of involvement in international customs affairs.