非洲疟疾对中国的流行病学影响评估

Epidemiology Assessment of Africa Malaria's Influence on China

非洲大陆是全球疟疾的最主要流行区,全球半数以上疟疾发病在非洲。目前,非洲人口死亡第一位病因仍是疟疾,非洲疟疾传播可发生在整年或仅在几个月,或者发生在不同年份间同一地区。按蚊是非洲疟疾的传播媒介。临床症状不明显的、不典型、轻度感染或无症状疟原虫携带者发生率明显升高。绝大部分非洲人红细胞表面缺乏Duffy血型抗原,没有间日疟原虫结合受体,对间日疟原虫具有天然免疫力,非洲主要流行恶性疟原虫。非洲已成为中国输入性疟疾主要疫源地,输入性疟疾已成为中国疫情防控的突出问题。

Africa is the world＇s leading malaria endemic areas and more than half of the world＇s malaria inci- dences are in Africa. At present, the first cause of death in Africa is still malaria. Malaria transmission in Africa can occur throughout the year or only in a few months, or in the same region in different years. Anopheles is vectors of malaria in Africa. The incidence of malaria parasite carrier with unobvious, atypical, mild infection and asymptomatic clinical symptoms was significantly increased. As the vast most Africans lack the Duffy blood group antigen on the surface of red blood cells and don＇t have Plasmodium vivax receptor binding, they have natural immunity with Plasmodium vivax. Plasmodium falciparum is major popular in Africa. Africa has become the main focus of imported malaria to China. Imported malaria has become a serious problem to China＇s epidem- ic prevention and control.