犯罪青少年积极心理品质的现状调查和教育对策

A Survey of Juvenile Delinquents' Positive Psychological Characters and Educational Strategies

犯罪青少年的矫正教育效果不仅关系到犯罪青少年能否顺利回归社会,更关系到社会的稳定和国家的发展。犯罪青少年的积极心理品质是决定矫正教育效果的关键和核心要素,是矫正教育的基础。为了解当前我国犯罪青少年的积极心理品质状况,本研究使用《中国中小学生积极心理品质量表》调查了409名犯罪青少年和407名普通高中男生,发现:(1)总体而言,犯罪青少年的积极心理品质的认知、意志、情感、乐群、律己、超越六大维度发展状况良好,得分最高的是超越维度,得分最低的是利群维度;(2)在15项积极心理品质中,犯罪青少年发展最好的五项品质为心灵触动、爱、信念与希望、宽容、求知力,发展最差的五项品质为真诚、领导力、洞察力、幽默风趣、创造力;(3)犯罪青少年积极心理品质六大维度的得分和12项具体品质的得分均显著低于普通青少年;(4)犯罪青少年积极心理品质发展稳定,受到家庭结构和受教育程度显著影响。最后,本研究提出培养犯罪青少年积极心理品质的对策。

The result of corrective education targeting juvenile delinquents is related not only to the possibility of their reintegration into society, but also to social stability and national development. Therefore, their positive psychological characters are the basis of and the crucial elements for corrective education. This study aims to probe into the development of China＇s juvenile delinquents＇ positive psychological characters, by using the scale for Chinese primary and secondary school students＇ positive psychological characters to test 409 juvenile delinquents and 407 typically developing upper secondary school students. The results show the following： （1） In general, the juvenile delinquents developed well in such 6 dimensions of positive psychological characters as cognition, volition, emotions, agreeableness, self-restraint and transcendence, scoring highest in transcendence and lowest in agreeableness; （2） in the 15 indicators of positive psychological characters, they developed best in soul touching, love, belief/hope, tolerance, and knowledge seeking, and worst in sincerity, leadership, insight, humor and creativity; （3） they scored significantly lower than the typically developing students in the 6 dimensions and the 12 indicators; and （4） their positive psychological characters were developed steadily, and were significantly affected by their family structures and educational backgrounds. In conclusion, this study offered strategies for the cultivation of juvenile delinquents＇ positive psychological characters.