变异中的延续:凉山彝族丧葬文化的变迁及其动因

The Cultural Continuation in Variation:On the Change of the Funeral Culture and Its Motivations in the Yis of Liangshan

20世纪上半叶,凉山彝族丧葬文化主要有火葬和土葬两种形态,以火葬为主;目前则出现了火葬、土葬和"火葬加垒坟"三种形态。丧葬文化发生变迁的内部动因是彝族灵魂观和疾病观的变化,外部动因是族群互动及国家政策的影响。从形式上看,与20世纪上半叶相比,当代的彝族丧葬文化出现了变异,体现了传统与现代杂糅的"克里奥尔化",呈现出"散逸的现代性"特点;但是其内核并没有发生根本性变化,是一种变异中的延续。

In the first half of the 20 th century,cremation and burial were the two main forms of the funeral culture of the Yis in Liangshan.Nowadays,three funeral forms,namely cremation,burial and 'cremation plus burial',appear.The internal motivations of the change of funeral culture are the changes of soul and disease conception among the Yis,and the external motivations are the influences of ethnic interaction and national funeral policy.Compared with the first half of the 20 th century,present funeral culture of the Yis people produces variation,embodies creolization culture of traditional and modern hybridity and reveals the characteristics of ' modernity at large'.However,the core of the funeral culture does not occur a fundamental change.It is fair to conclude that the phenomenon is cultural continuation in variation.