高中课程自主发展的体制机制分析

Analysis on the System and Mechanism of the Independent Development of High School Curriculum

实现高中课程的自主发展是高中课程深化改革的方向。课程体制机制是制约课程自主发展的根本条件。高中课程自主发展需要确立学校为权力主体的课程管理体制,建立保障学校课程自主决策、研发、实施和评价的机制。高中的三级管理体制存在着国家权力过大、职能定位不准及国家、地方和学校课程权力分割和社会参与不够,以及学校课程管理机制存在缺失、不灵和不完善等问题。适应高中课程自主发展的要求,应完善三级课程管理体制,建立以学校为主体、社区家长参与、专家支持和政府调控的多元共管的高中课程发展新体制;建立以学校课程发展委员会为核心的学校课程自主运行机制;从观念变革和利益调整入手,保证高中课程体制机制变革的顺利进行。

The independent development of high school curriculum is the direction of deepening curriculum reform. The system and mechanism of curriculum are the fundamental conditions that limit the independent development of curriculum. The independent development of high school curriculum requires a curriculum management system in which school plays the role of power subject and a mechanism that ensures the independent curriculum development, decision-making, implementation and evaluation in school. There are several problems existing in the three-level curriculum management system, including the excessive power of national government, the unprecise positioning of functions, the splitting or overlapping curriculum power among national government, local government and school as well as the lack of social participation. Besides, the curriculum management mechanism in school is commonly absent, ineffective and unsound. To meet the needs of the independent development of high school curriculum, we should improve the three-level curriculum management system to form a new high school curriculum system that involves joint management by multiple subjects in which school, community and parents, experts and government play the part of subject, participating, assisting and regulating respectively. Besides, we need to establish a mechanism operated by curriculum development committee autonomously in school. In order to promote the high school curriculum system and mechanism reform successfully, we should start with the idea change and interest adjustment.