低危固定献血者献血前最佳血液初筛模式探讨

An Appropriate Pre-donation Screening Mode in Low-risk Fixed Blood Donors

目的针对低危固定无偿献血者的人群分布特点,探讨低危固定献血者血液初筛项目的最佳组合模式。方法选取2011~2013年街头初次献血者和集体固定献血者、2014年1~3月集体固定献血者,重点针对集体固定献血者中高校学生、重工业工人、企事业员工,进行血液初筛和复检Hb、ALT、HBs Ag不合格率的统计分析。结果街头初次献血者与集体固定献血者相比,Hb、ALT、HBs Ag初筛不合格率均偏高;集体固定献血者中企事业员工和重工业工人Hb不合格率较高校大学生偏低;企业、重工业男性献血者未进行Hb血液初筛,高校大学生未进行ALT血液初筛,检验阳性率与前3年比较差异无统计学意义。结论血站应进一步巩固和发展相对安全的固定(重复)无偿献血者队伍;针对该人群分布特点,选择最佳的血液初筛模式对于不合格血液的报废没有影响,相应减轻了献血者的反感情绪,增加了工作效率。

Objective To investigate the proper screening mode for floating and fixed blood donations. Methods The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the first stage, donors were selected from first blood donation in the streets and the fixed donors of university students, workers and employees of the enterprises and governments from 2011- 2013. In the second stage, donors were only selected from the fixed donors in 2014.The primary screening and re-tests included Hb, ALT and HBsAg. Results Compared with the fixed donors, those of the first blood donation in the streets had a high defective rates of lib, ALT and HBsAg screening tests, while the defective rate of liB tests were lower in the workers of enterprises than in the university students. Primary screening tests were not implemented in the male workers of enterprises and public institutes and university students. No difference of the qualification rates was noted among the three populations within three years. Conclusion A safe and fixed population of blood donation should be grouped, and optimized preliminary screening mode should be used to reduce the unhealthy emotions of donators and increase the work efficiency.