劉錫鴻内心世界的雙重矛盾

The Dual Contradiction in the Inner World of Liu Xihong

本文認爲當下的劉錫鴻研究中存在貼標籤的現象,先將其歸屬爲保守派,然後就從保守的定性觀察他的一切,結果是遮蔽了劉錫鴻的真實面相。梳理史料,可以發現他的一生陷在雙重矛盾中而不能自拔:一重是政治理念上變革與保守的結構性矛盾,一重是個人品格中理性認知與趨炎附勢的品質之間的矛盾。隨着情境條件的變化,矛盾的不同方面此長彼消主導了他的言行,使得"變革"和"保守"兩種因素錯綜複雜地交織出現在他的言行中,只有抓住這兩重矛盾纔能解釋劉錫鴻的内心和一生。本文對變革與保守的矛盾,主要通過他出使之前參與"海防籌議"的討論以及出使中對西方文明進行的考察予以分析,重在突出他傾向於洋務的一方面;對理性認知與趨炎附勢的矛盾,主要通過他個人的性格特徵和官場中的利害關係進行分析。

The paper holds that there is a phenomenon of labeling in researches on Liu Xihong. Researchers firstly regard him as a man of conservative party,and then observe everything related to him from the perspective of conservatism, resulting in the coverage of the true psychology of Liu Xihong. The author sorts out the historical material and it can be found that his whole life was trapped in the dual contradiction : the first is the structural contradiction between reformation and conservation in the concept of politics, and the second is the contradiction between rational cognition and catering to those in power. With the change of the situation conditions, different aspects of contradictions dominated his behaviors changeably, which made"reformation" and "conservation" intertwine in his behaviors complicatedly. Only if we catch the dual contradiction, can his inter world and life be explained. The paper analyzes his contradiction between reformation and conservation through his discussion on" Coast Defense Discussion"(海防籌議)he participated in before he served as an envoy abroad and his examination of Chinese and Western civilization in the process of serving as an envoy abroad, and the paper focuses on the aspect that he was inclined to foreign affairs. Besides,the paper analyzes his contraction between rational cognition and catering to those in power through his personal characteristics and the official stakes.